Air purging for a fluid dynamic bearing

ABSTRACT

A robust spindle motor is provided having improved shock resistance for fluid containment, as well as enhanced air purging characteristics. In an aspect, axial displacement of relatively rotating components is restricted by utilizing a limiter situated adjacent to a limiter bushing forming an axial limiter gap therebetween. A fluid channel, at least partially diverging, extends from a hydrodynamic bearing to the axial limiter gap, and continues to a region beyond the axial limiter gap. In an aspect, an axially diverging slot is situated adjacent to the axial limiter gap. Power is reduced by reducing viscous drag between relatively rotating components, hydrodynamic bearing length is increased, and higher stiffness of the hydrodynamic bearing is provided. Fluid volume may be increased, thereby offsetting fluid evaporation losses and allowing for the use of lower viscosity lubricants.

BACKGROUND

Disc drive memory systems are being utilized in progressively moreenvironments besides traditional stationary computing environments.Recently, these memory systems are incorporated into devices that areoperated in mobile environments including digital cameras, digital videocameras, video game consoles and personal music players, in addition toportable computers. These mobile devices are frequently subjected tolarge magnitudes of mechanical shock as a result of handling. As such,performance and design needs have intensified including improvedresistance to a shock event, improved robustness and reduced powerconsumption.

Disc drive memory systems store digital information that is recorded onconcentric tracks of a magnetic disc medium. At least one disc isrotatably mounted on a spindle, and the information, which can be storedin the form of magnetic transitions within the discs, is accessed usingread/write heads or transducers. A drive controller is typically usedfor controlling the disc drive system based on commands received from ahost system. The drive controller controls the disc drive to store andretrieve information from the magnetic discs. The read/write heads arelocated on a pivoting arm that moves radially over the surface of thedisc. The discs are rotated at high speeds during operation using anelectric motor located inside a hub or below the discs. Magnets on thehub interact with a stator to cause rotation of the hub relative to thestator. One type of motor has a spindle mounted by means of a bearingsystem to a motor shaft disposed in the center of the hub. The bearingspermit rotational movement between the shaft and the sleeve, whilemaintaining alignment of the spindle to the shaft. The read/write headsmust be accurately aligned with the storage tracks on the disc to ensurethe proper reading and writing of information.

A demand exists for increased storage capacity and smaller disc drives,which has led to the design of higher recording areal density such thatthe read/write heads are placed increasingly closer to the disc surface.Because rotational accuracy is critical, disc drives currently utilize aspindle motor having fluid dynamic bearings (FDB) between a shaft andsleeve to support a hub and the disc for rotation. In a hydrodynamicbearing, a lubricating fluid provides a bearing surface between a fixedmember and a rotating member of the disc drive. Hydrodynamic bearings,however, suffer from sensitivity to external loads or mechanical shock.Fluid can in some cases be jarred out of the bearing by shock events. Anembodiment of a FDB motor includes a magnetically biased motor whereinthe bearing design cooperates with a magnetically biased circuit orelement to establish and maintain fluid pressure in the bearing areas byproviding an axial magnetic force, especially in designs where thethrust bearing is defined in the gap at the end of the shaft. Typicallyin such systems, however, the only force or structure holding therotating portion of the motor in place is the axial magnetic force;therefore, if shock axial forces exceed magnetic forces in the motor,the rotor can shift and the disk drive can become damaged or fail.Accordingly, FDB spindle motors, and particular, those havingelectromagnetic bias and a single thrust bearing, generally includefeatures to limit the axial displacement of the rotating portionsrelative to the stationary portions during a shock event. Often suchfeatures are referred to as a “shock limiter.” A limiter generallylimits or reduces the potential for axial displacements of the rotatingportions of the motor relative to stationary portions beyond a desiredor acceptable range of axial motion.

The hydrodynamic bearing life of motors used in disc drives is limitedby lubricant evaporation. A sufficient amount of lubricant such as oilmust be maintained in a capillary seal reservoir to offset evaporationlosses. The evaporation rate is further accelerated when special lowviscosity oils are used to reduce power. The lower viscosity oilsgenerally have a higher rate of evaporation. If a shock event occurswith a motor having an insufficient volume of lubricant, rotatingsurfaces may come in direct contact with stationary portions. The drysurface-to-surface contact may lead to particle generation or gall andlock-up of the motor during contact. Particle generation andcontamination of the bearing fluid may also result in reducedperformance or failure of the spindle motor or disc drive components.

Additionally, the maximum amount of oil that can be filled in thecapillary seal is limited by shock requirements, since oil tends toshift and leak out of the seal when shocked. In addition to maintaininga sufficient amount of oil in the seal reservoir to account forevaporation losses, the minimum amount of oil that can be filled in thecapillary seal must generally also account for cold temperaturecontraction of the oil, fill process tolerances, and the volume of oilthat recedes into the motor bearing cavities when the axial play gapopens. The requirement of accounting for the axial play volume isintended to avoid allowing the seal meniscus from receding into themotor and trapping air inside the bearing where it poses a reliabilityrisk. Also, as axial height of spindle motors is reduced, the spacingbetween bearing components decreases, thereby minimizing angular orrocking stiffness of the bearings. As hydrodynamic bearing motorrequirements call for lower power, higher stiffness and longer life,there is a need for a capillary seal and an axial limiter design thatpurges air and reduces power while enabling higher stiffness and longerlife.

SUMMARY

The present invention limits axial displacement of relatively rotatingcomponents for a hydrodynamic bearing motor, and thus can provide abenefit to mobile hard disk drive applications or other disk driveapplications that experience shock events. The invention also providesfor purging of air from fluid within the hydrodynamic bearing orthroughout fluid containing channels connected thereto, the air beinggenerated from outside the spindle motor or generated internal to thebearing due to negative pressure in the lubricant that pulls air out ofsolution. The present invention also purges air that may be pulled intothe motor bearing cavities and become entrapped when fluid recedes intothe motor during events including shock events, assembly and handling.

In an embodiment, power is reduced by reducing viscous drag betweenrelatively rotating components. Increased bearing length and higherstiffness of the bearing is provided, thereby improving bearingperformance. In an embodiment, the fluid volume within the motor may beincreased, thereby offsetting fluid evaporation losses, and allowinglower viscosity lubricants to be utilized. Hydrodynamic bearing life(i.e., journal bearing, thrust bearing or conical bearing) may thus beextended.

Features of the invention are achieved in part by utilizing a limiter torestrict axial displacement of relatively rotating components. Thelimiter is situated adjacent to a limiter bushing defining an axiallimiter gap therebetween for limiting axial movement of an innercomponent with respect to an outer component. The limiter is fixed toeither the inner component or the outer component, and the limiterbushing is affixed to either the inner component or the outer component,wherein the limiter and the limiter bushing are relatively rotatable.

In an embodiment, a fluid channel extends from a hydrodynamic bearing tothe axial limiter gap and continues to a region beyond the axial limitergap. At least a portion of the fluid channel diverges as the fluidchannel extends from the hydrodynamic bearing toward the region that isbeyond the axial limiter gap. In an embodiment, the fluid channeldiverges and subsequently includes a constant width, as the fluidchannel extends toward the region beyond the axial limiter gap. Inanother embodiment, the fluid channel includes a constant width andsubsequently diverges, as the fluid channel extends toward the regionbeyond the axial limiter gap.

In an embodiment, at least one air purging slot is situated adjacent tothe axial limiter gap. The slot is formed in either the limiter or thelimiter bushing, or in both the limiter and the limiter bushing. In anembodiment, the slot is has an axially diverging depth shaped in adirection as the fluid channel extends toward the region beyond theaxial limiter gap. In an embodiment, the slot has a depth in the rangeof 80 microns to 200 microns.

The fluid within the motor includes a meniscus contained by a capillaryseal. In an embodiment, the region beyond the axial limiter gap forms afluid reservoir. In an embodiment, one of the inner component and theouter component further defines a fluid recirculation passagewaytherethrough for recirculating fluid about the hydrodynamic bearing, thefluid recirculation channel being in fluid communication with the fluidchannel.

These and various other features and advantages of this invention willbe apparent to a person of skill in the art who studies the followingdetailed description. Therefore, the scope of the invention will bebetter understood by reference to an example of an embodiment, givenwith respect to the following figures.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing aspects and many of the attendant advantages of thisinvention will become more readily appreciated by reference to thefollowing detailed description, when taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a disc drive data storage system in whichthe present invention is useful, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of a previously known hydrodynamicbearing spindle motor used in a disc drive data storage systemincorporating a shock limiter ring attached to the bottom end of thejournal shaft;

FIG. 3 is a sectional side view of a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motorused in a disc drive data storage system, illustrating a limiterrelocated to outboard of a thrust bearing, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of an enlarged view of a portion of ahydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as in FIG. 3, illustrating a limitersituated adjacent to a limiter bushing defining an axial limiter gaptherebetween, and a fluid channel that at least partially diverges asthe fluid channel extends from the hydrodynamic bearing toward theregion that is beyond the axial limiter gap, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5A is a perspective image of a limiter bushing illustrating slotsand lands formed thereon, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 5B is another perspective image of a limiter bushing illustratingan alternative pattern of slots and lands formed thereon, in accordancewith an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6A is another sectional side view of an enlarged view of a portionof a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as in FIG. 3, illustrating alimiter, a limiter bushing, an axial limiter gap therebetween, and afluid channel that diverges, in accordance with an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 6B is another sectional side view of an enlarged view of a portionof a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as in FIG. 3, illustrating alimiter, a limiter bushing, an axial limiter gap therebetween that isvaried from that shown in FIG. 6A, and a fluid channel that diverges, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7A is another sectional side view of a previously knownhydrodynamic bearing spindle motor with a limiter situated outboard of athrust bearing, illustrating a fluid volume that has become depletedfrom within the motor;

FIG. 7B is another sectional side view of the previously knownhydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as in FIG. 7A with a limiter situatedoutboard of the thrust bearing, illustrating an effect on fluidpositioning and a fluid meniscus when an axial motion or shock eventoccurs that forces the shaft up;

FIG. 7C is another sectional side view of the previously knownhydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as in FIG. 7A with a limiter situatedoutboard of the thrust bearing, illustrating an effect on fluidpositioning and a fluid meniscus when the axial gap narrows or closesfollowing a shock event as in FIG. 7B, air becoming entrapped;

FIG. 8A is another sectional side view of the hydrodynamic bearingspindle motor as in FIG. 4 with a limiter situated outboard of a thrustbearing, illustrating a fluid volume depleted from a fluid reservoir;

FIG. 8B is another sectional side view of the hydrodynamic bearingspindle motor as in FIG. 4 with a limiter situated outboard of thethrust bearing, illustrating an effect on fluid positioning and a fluidmeniscus when an axial motion or shock event occurs that forces theshaft up; and

FIG. 8C is another sectional side view of the hydrodynamic bearingspindle motor as in FIG. 4 with a limiter situated outboard of thethrust bearing, illustrating an effect on fluid positioning and a fluidmeniscus when the axial gap narrows or closes following a shock event asin FIG. 8B, air not becoming entrapped.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments are described with reference to specificconfigurations. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate thatvarious changes and modifications can be made while remaining within thescope of the appended claims. Additionally, well-known elements,devices, components, methods, process steps and the like may not be setforth in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.

A system and method are described herein for limiting axial displacementof relatively rotating components for a hydrodynamic bearing motor, andthus can provide a benefit to mobile hard disk drive applications orother disk drive applications that experience shock events. Theinvention also provides for purging of air from fluid within thehydrodynamic bearing or throughout fluid containing channels connectedthereto, the air being generated from outside the spindle motor orgenerated internal to the bearing due to negative pressure in thelubricant that pulls air out of solution. The present invention alsopurges air that may be pulled into the motor bearing cavities and becomeentrapped when fluid recedes into the motor. Additionally, in anembodiment, power is reduced by reducing viscous drag between relativelyrotating components. Increased hydrodynamic bearing length and higherstiffness of the hydrodynamic bearing is provided, thereby improvingbearing performance. In an embodiment, the fluid volume within the motormay be increased, thereby offsetting fluid evaporation losses, andallowing lower viscosity lubricants to be utilized. Hydrodynamic bearinglife (i.e., journal bearing, thrust bearing or conical bearing) may thusbe extended.

It will be apparent that features of the discussion and claims may beutilized with disc drives, low profile disc drive memory systems,spindle motors, various fluid dynamic bearing designs includinghydrodynamic and hydrostatic bearings, and other motors employing astationary and a rotatable component, including motors employing conicalbearings. Further, embodiments of the present invention may be employedwith a fixed shaft or a rotating shaft. Also, as used herein, the terms“axially” or “axial direction” refers to a direction along a centerlineaxis length of the shaft (i.e., along axis 460 of shaft 402 shown inFIG. 8A infra), and “radially” or “radial direction” refers to adirection perpendicular to the centerline length of the shaft 402. Also,as used herein, the expressions indicating orientation such as “upper”,“lower”, “top”, “bottom”, “height” and the like, are applied in a senserelated to normal viewing of the figures rather than in any sense oforientation during particular operation, etc. These orientation labelsare provided simply to facilitate and aid understanding of the figuresand should not be construed as limiting.

Referring to the drawings wherein identical reference numerals denotethe same elements throughout the various views, FIG. 1 illustrates a topplan view of a typical disc drive data storage device 110 in which thepresent invention is useful. Clearly, features of the discussion andclaims are not limited to this particular design, which is shown onlyfor purposes of the example. Disc drive 110 includes housing base 112that is combined with cover 114 forming a sealed environment to protectthe internal components from contamination by elements outside thesealed environment. Disc drive 110 further includes disc pack 116, whichis mounted for rotation on a spindle motor (described in FIG. 2 infra)by disc clamp 118. Disc pack 116 includes a plurality of individualdiscs, which are mounted for co-rotation about a central axis. Each discsurface has an associated head 120 (read head and write head), which ismounted to disc drive 110 for communicating with the disc surface. Inthe example shown in FIG. 1, heads 120 are supported by flexures 122,which are in turn attached to head mounting arms 124 of actuator body126. The actuator shown in FIG. 1 is a rotary moving coil actuator andincludes a voice coil motor, shown generally at 128. Voice coil motor128 rotates actuator body 126 with its attached heads 120 about pivotshaft 130 to position heads 120 over a desired data track along arc path132. This allows heads 120 to read and write magnetically encodedinformation on the surfaces of discs 116 at selected locations.

A flex assembly provides the requisite electrical connection paths forthe actuator assembly while allowing pivotal movement of the actuatorbody 126 during operation. The flex assembly (not shown) terminates at aflex bracket for communication to a printed circuit board mounted to thebottom side of disc drive 110 to which head wires are connected; thehead wires being routed along the actuator arms 124 and the flexures 122to the heads 120. The printed circuit board typically includes circuitryfor controlling the write currents applied to the heads 120 during awrite operation and a preamplifier for amplifying read signals generatedby the heads 120 during a read operation.

Referring to FIG. 2, a sectional side view is illustrated of acontemporary hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as used in a disc drivedata storage system 110. In this example, a shock limiter ring 218 isattached to the bottom end of the shaft 202. The spindle motor includesa stationary component and a rotatable component that is relativelyrotatable about the stationary component, defining a journal bearing 206therebetween. In this example, the rotatable components include shaft202 and hub 210. Hub 210 includes a disc carrier member, which supportsdisc pack 116 (shown in FIG. 1) for rotation about shaft 202. Shaft 202and hub 210 additionally are affixed to backiron 215 and magnet 216. Oneor more magnets 216 are attached to a periphery of backiron 215. Themagnets 216 interact with a stator winding 214 attached to the base 220to cause the hub 210 to rotate. Magnet 216 can be formed as a unitary,annular ring or can be formed of a plurality of individual magnets thatare spaced about the periphery of hub 210. Magnet 216 is magnetized toform one or more magnetic poles. The stationary components includesleeve 204 and stator 214, which are affixed to base plate 220. A fluiddynamic journal bearing 206 is established between the sleeve 204 andthe rotating shaft 202.

A fluid, such as lubricating oil or a ferromagnetic fluid fillsinterfacial regions between shaft 202 and sleeve 204 as well as betweenother stationary and rotatable components. While the present figure isdescribed herein with a lubricating fluid, those skilled in the art willappreciate that useable fluids include a lubricating liquid or acombination of a lubricating liquid and lubricating gas. Also, typicallyone of shaft 202 and sleeve 204 includes sections of pressure generatinggrooves, including asymmetric grooves and symmetric grooves. Asymmetricgrooves and symmetric grooves may have a pattern including one of aherringbone pattern and a sinusoidal pattern inducing fluid flow in theinterfacial region and generating a localized region of dynamic highpressure and radial stiffness. As shaft 202 rotates, pressure is builtup in each of its grooved regions and shaft 202 supports hub 210 forconstant rotation. A fluid recirculation path 208 is additionally formedthrough sleeve 204 to pass and recirculate fluid through journal bearing206, and also to facilitate purging air from journal bearing 206 viareservoir 212 contained on an end by seal meniscus 222.

Again, in the example illustrated in FIG. 2, a shock limiter ring 218 isattached to the bottom end of the shaft 202. The axial length of thejournal bearing 206 is consequently limited by the axial area occupiedby the limiter ring 218. This presents a shortcoming in that it isinstead desirable to maximize the length of the bearing in order toimprove angular stiffness. In hard disk drive motors used in highmobility applications that run on battery power, single thrust bearingmotors that are magnetically biased are employed for their highstiffness-to-power ratio. For particularly challenging mobilityapplications, it is desirable to ensure the maximum amount of journalbearing length possible to improve angular stiffness. In some cases,this has led to the use of a shock limiter configuration locatedoutboard of a thrust bearing (i.e., thrust bearing 207) in place of theprior art location (i.e., shock limiter ring 218, FIG. 2) at the end ofthe shaft.

FIG. 3 is a sectional side view of a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motorused in a disc drive data storage system 110, illustrating a limiter 430relocated to outboard of the thrust bearing 407, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention. Rather than utilizing a shocklimiter ring 218 attached to the bottom end of the shaft 402, as in themotor structure described in FIG. 2 above, the present inventionembodiment employs limiter 430 and limiter bushing 434 together to limitaxial displacement of the relatively rotatable inner and outercomponents. In this present invention embodiment example motorstructure, the rotating components include shaft 402, hub 410, limiterbushing 434, and magnet 416. The stationary components include sleeve404, limiter 430, base plate 420 and stator 414. A journal bearing 406containing fluid is defined between surfaces of the shaft 402 and thesleeve 404, wherein the shaft 402 and the sleeve 404 are positioned forrelative rotation. Further, a fluid recirculation path 408 isadditionally formed through sleeve 404 to pass and recirculate fluidthrough journal bearing 406 and thrust bearing 407, the fluidrecirculation path 408 being in fluid communication with the fluidchannel 432. Fluid recirculation path 408 also facilitates purging airfrom bearings 406 and 407 via reservoir 412 contained on an end by sealmeniscus 422. Although a journal bearing 406 is shown in FIG. 3, thepresent invention can be utilized with, and benefit, other bearingsincluding other hydrodynamic bearings, and conical bearings.

A limiter located outboard of a thrust bearing is utilized in somecontemporary motor designs. As more fully illustrated and describedbelow with reference to FIGS. 7A-7C, the outboard limiter in thesecontemporary designs creates a risk of trapping air inside the motor.The present invention, however, includes features to purge air and avoidair entrapment, as detailed below. One such feature, a slot (i.e., slot436), is present, although not visible in FIG. 3. Slot 436 is describedin FIGS. 5A and 5B infra.

FIG. 4 shows a sectional side view of an enlarged view of a portion of ahydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as in FIG. 3, in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention. As illustrated, a limiter 430 issituated adjacent to a limiter bushing 434 defining an axial limiter gap440 therebetween. The limiter 430 and the limiter bushing 434 haveradially overlapping (but not contacting) surfaces, in order to restrictaxial movement or displacement of the relatively rotating components.Although the limiter 430 is shown affixed to the stationary componentsand the limiter bushing is shown affixed to the rotating components(shown in FIG. 3), the limiter can alternatively be fixed to a rotatingcomponent and the limiter bushing can be fixed to a stationarycomponent. The axial limiter gap 440 also illustrates a slot 436, whichis described in FIGS. 5A and 5B infra.

It is to be appreciated that the term “limiter bushing” as referred toherein can include other limiter facing surfaces or components thatoverlap or underlap with the limiter 430, besides a specific componentas shown as limiter bushing 434. Likewise, these other limiter facingsurfaces or components limit axial movement of an inner spindle motorcomponent (i.e., shaft 402) with respect to an outer spindle motorcomponent (i.e., sleeve 404).

A fluid channel 432 at least partially diverges as the fluid channel 432extends from an outer diameter of thrust bearing 407 toward the regionthat is beyond the axial limiter gap 440 (i.e., fluid reservoir 412). Inan embodiment, the fluid channel 432 is defined to include the fluidpassageway beginning at an outer diameter of the thrust bearing 407 andextending to the fluid reservoir 412. In an alternative embodiment, athrust bearing is not situated adjacent to the journal bearing 406 asshown in FIG. 4, and thus the fluid channel 432 (at least partiallydiverging) begins at the hydrodynamic bearing (FIG. 3, item 406), andextends to the fluid reservoir 412. The fluid channel 432 is thusdefined to include the area of the axial limiter gap 440. In anembodiment, the entire length of fluid channel 432 continuously divergesas it extends from the journal bearing 406 (or thrust bearing 407)toward the region that is beyond the axial limiter gap. In anembodiment, the fluid channel 432 diverges at least at the locationwhere it is in fluid communication with the fluid recirculation path408. The region that is “beyond the axial limiter gap” is defined as theregion including fluid reservoir 412. In an alternative embodiment, atleast a portion of the fluid channel 432 diverges as it extends from thejournal bearing 406 (or thrust bearing 407) toward the region that isbeyond the axial limiter gap. In an embodiment, the fluid channel 432does not converge as it extends from the journal bearing 406 (or thrustbearing 407) toward the region that is beyond the axial limiter gap, toallow any air to purge from the motor, as the fluid channel 432 extendsto the region beyond the axial limiter gap. In a further embodiment, aportion of the fluid channel 432 diverges, and subsequently includes aconstant width, as the fluid channel 432 extends toward the regionbeyond the axial limiter gap. In yet a further embodiment, a portion ofthe fluid channel 432 includes a constant width and subsequentlydiverges, as the fluid channel 432 extends toward the region beyond theaxial limiter gap. In yet a further embodiment, the fluid channel 432continuously diverges, except for the slot 436 portion which is shapedhaving a constant width.

The fluid within the motor includes a meniscus contained by a capillaryseal 422. The capillary seal 422 may be situated between the limiter 430and the limiter bushing 434, or between the sleeve 404 and the limiterbushing 434. FIG. 4 illustrates fluid contained within the fluidrecirculation path 408 as well as fluid contained within fluid channel432 and fluid reservoir 412, and as such the capillary seal 422 is shownsituated between the sleeve 404 and the limiter bushing 434. Thediverging fluid channel 432 allows the meniscus 423 ingress and egressthrough the fluid channel 432 without entrapping air behind the axiallimiter gap 440, which would otherwise work against its passage backinto the fluid reservoir 412 region where it would exit the motor. Thisis illustrated more fully in FIGS. 8A-8C infra.

FIG. 5A shows a perspective image of a limiter bushing 434 illustratingslots 436 and lands 438 formed thereon, in accordance with an embodimentof the present invention. While three slots 436 are illustrated in FIG.5A, other numbers of slots may be employed, including one slot, twoslots or more than three slots. The slot 436 is formed in a facingsurface adjacent to the axial limiter gap 440. The slot 436 can beformed in the limiter 430 or the limiter bushing 434. Alternatively, theslot 436 can be formed in both the limiter 430 and the limiter bushing434.

In an embodiment, the slots 436 are formed having an axially divergingdepth shaped in a direction as the fluid channel 432 extends toward theregion beyond the axial limiter gap 440 (i.e., fluid reservoir 412). Inan embodiment, the slots 436 are formed having a depth in the range of80 microns to 200 microns. It is to be appreciated that the slots 436axially diverge, and not the facing surfaces of the axial limiter gap440. In an alternative embodiment, the slots 436 do not have an axiallydiverging depth shaped in a direction as the fluid channel 432 extendstoward the region beyond the axial limiter gap 440, but rather at leasta portion of the remainder of the fluid channel 432 diverges. In anembodiment, the depth of slots 436 reduces viscous drag losses,associated with the limiter gap, and thereby reduces power.

FIG. 5B is another perspective image of a limiter bushing illustratingan alternative pattern of slots and lands formed thereon. Here, fourslots 436 are illustrated occupying a lesser area than the lands 438.The slots may occupy a lesser or a greater area than lands 438. In analternative embodiment, the area of the slots 436 may be formed havingvarying lengths about the limiter bushing 434.

As illustrated in FIG. 6A, another sectional side view is shown of anenlarged view of a portion of a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as inFIG. 3, illustrating a limiter 430, a limiter bushing 434, an axiallimiter gap 440 therebetween, and a fluid channel 432 that diverges, inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention. In this example,the limiter 430 includes three facing surfaces to define three principalgaps 432A, 432B, 432C with the fluid channel 432. A fourth principal gap432D is defined between a surface of sleeve 404 and a second surface ofthe limiter bushing 434. The fluid channel includes first gap lengths432A1 and 432A2 situated between a first surface of the limiter 430 andhub 410. The fluid channel also includes second gap lengths 432B1 and432B2 situated between a second surface of the limiter 430 and the hub410. The fluid channel further includes third gap lengths 432C1 and432C2 situated within the slot 436. The fluid channel further includesfourth gap lengths 432D1 and 432D2 situated between a surface of sleeve404 and a second surface of the limiter bushing 434.

In an embodiment, the second gap 432B is at least as wide as the firstgap 432A, the gap 432C is at least as wide as the second gap 432B, andthe fourth gap 432D is at least as wide as the gap 432C. Additionally,the first gap length 432A2 is at least as wide as the first gap length432A1, the second gap length 432B2 is at least as wide as the second gaplength 432B1, the third gap length 432C2 is at least as wide as thethird gap length 432C1, and the fourth gap length 432D2 is at least aswide as the fourth gap length 432D1. In another embodiment, the fluidchannel 432 continuously diverges, except at principal gap 432C. Here,slot 436 (FIG. 4) is shaped having a constant width (432C1=432C2).

Additionally, undercut 450 is shown at an outer radial diameter of thelimiter bushing 434. The inclusion of undercut 450 is optional, and canbe useful for manufacturing convenience or ease.

When the inner component of the motor is rotating relative to the outercomponent of the motor, then centripetal force causes air bubbles withinprincipal gap 432A to move in a direction that is into the motor, ratherthan in a direction that would cause the bubbles to be purged from themotor. That is, when the motor is rotating, because of centripetalforce, the air bubbles move from right to left in principal gap 432A(from the perspective when viewing FIG. 6A). However, as previouslydescribed, in an embodiment of the invention, when the channel at gap432A diverges, then the bubbles are caused to move from left to right(from the perspective when viewing FIG. 6A) and eventually be purgedfrom the motor. This is because the effect of the diverging channel onthe air bubbles within gap 432A overcomes the centripetal force on theair bubbles.

In another embodiment of the invention, the principal gap 432A isstructured such that gap 432A2 divided by the radius at 432A2 is greaterthan gap 432A1 divided by the radius at 432A1. That is, (gap432A2/radius 432A2)>(gap 432A1/radius 432A1). This is hereinafterdefined as equation 1. In an example, the “gap” is a distance betweenfacing surfaces at a radius shown at the location of 432A2. The “radius”is the distance from 432A2 to the central axis of rotation of the motor(i.e., central axis 260, FIG. 2). Moreover, when gap 432A divergesaccording to equation 1, a negative shear gradient condition results,and air bubbles are forced in a direction from left to right (from theperspective when viewing FIG. 6A), for eventual purging from the motor.The negative shear gradient drives air bubbles to a lower energy state.This dynamic effect describes a reason that air bubbles with a diameterless than the channel gap, within which they are situated, are drivenout of a diverging channel when the motor is rotating. An air bubble ata narrow end of a gap will experience a higher degree of distortion thanan air bubble at a wider end, when the motor is rotating. The greaterthe shear distortion of the air bubble, the greater the energy stored inits surface. When the motor is rotating, the air bubble is consequentlydriven to a position where the stored energy is lessened (i.e., fromleft to right, from the perspective when viewing FIG. 6A).

In another embodiment, a fluid channel with a diverging gap having thestructure of Equation 1 is applied to contemporary motor designs such asthat shown in FIG. 2. Here, the motor does not necessarily include alimiter situated outboard of a thrust bearing, and also does not includea slot 436 adjacent to an axial limiter gap, as shown in FIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 6B, another sectional side view is illustrated of anenlarged view of a portion of a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as inFIG. 3. In this example, the slot gap 455 extends radially outward alesser distance than the gap 432C in the example shown in FIG. 6A. In anembodiment, the slot gap 455 takes on an angle in the range of 2 to 15degrees.

In addition, while the limiter 430 and the limiter bushing 434 are shownhaving distinct angles as the fluid channel 432 extends around corners,it is to be appreciated that the limiter 430 and the limiter bushing 434may take on alternative shapes and surface lengths, provided that theaxial movement or displacement of the relatively rotating components arerestricted by the radially overlapping limiter 430 and underlappinglimiter bushing 434.

FIGS. 7A-7C show changing fluid volumes that can occur during theexpected life and operation in a previously known hydrodynamic bearingspindle motor with a limiter 730 situated outboard of a thrust bearing.

FIG. 7A illustrates an example of a depleted fluid volume that can occurwithin a motor as described infra for reasons including evaporation. Thedepleted fluid volume is shown by fluid meniscus 722 being situated atthe axial top of reservoir 712, which is further within the fluidchannel 732 toward the hydrodynamic bearings 706 and 707.

FIG. 7B illustrates an effect on fluid positioning within fluid channel732 and a fluid meniscus 722 when an axial motion or shock event occursthat forces the shaft 702 axially up and increasingly separates from thesleeve 704. Handling and shipping forces can produce enough axial motionto exceed the magnetic attraction force between the magnet 716 and base720 and stator 714, thereby causing the axial play gap to open, orcausing the axial displacement to increase beyond a desired or anacceptable range, between these relatively rotating components, namelyhub 710 and sleeve 704. The path taken by fluid meniscus 722 is shown asit recedes to fill the volume within fluid channel 732 created withinthe bearing cavities by the axial displacement.

As shown, since the fluid volume was previously depleted (as shown inFIG. 7A), then the fluid recedes within the fluid channel 732 such thatfluid is not present between axial limiter gap 740. This presents asituation of an insufficient fluid volume or lack of fluid betweenrelatively rotating surfaces. The relatively rotating surfaces can thusdirectly contact. The dry contacting surfaces may lead to particlegeneration or gall and lock-up of the motor during contact. Particlegeneration and contamination of the bearing fluid may also result inreduced performance or failure of the spindle motor or disc drivecomponents.

FIG. 7C illustrates an effect on fluid positioning within fluid channel732 and a fluid meniscus 722 when the hub 710 repositions axially downand returns axially closer to sleeve 704, following a shock event as inFIG. 7B. Air can become trapped within the fluid channel 732, and in theexample shown air is trapped between limiter 730 and hub 710. The aircan subsequently relocate into the hydrodynamic bearing, causingcomplications including low thrust bearing fly height, increased wear,lubricant degradation, and/or motor seizure. Since the air crosses anarrow gap 740, by conditions shown in FIG. 7B, between the limiter 730shoulder and limiter bushing 734, the air is unable to pass back throughdue to surface tension. It is to be appreciated that air may also becometrapped within fluid channel 732 with or without a shock event. Air mayalso become trapped within fluid channel 732 whether or not fluid isdepleted from the motor. Additionally, air may become trapped withinfluid channel 732 due to handling during motor assembly. Further, onceair is trapped inside the motor (because of an initial shock eventand/or trapped air), the air may displace additional oil into thereservoir 708, which results in a higher fill volume in the reservoir708. Consequently, if the reservoir 708 fluid volume is previously high,and a subsequent shock event occurs, the fluid can leak from thereservoir 708.

FIGS. 8A-8C show changing fluid volumes that can occur during theexpected life and operation in a hydrodynamic bearing spindle motor asin FIG. 4.

Turning now to FIG. 8A, another sectional side view is shown of thehydrodynamic bearing spindle motor as in FIG. 4, illustrating a fluidvolume within fluid reservoir 412. The fluid volume is shown by thepositioning of fluid meniscus 422 within fluid reservoir 412. Again, thefluid volume can decrease within reservoir 412 as described infra forreasons including evaporation. When compared to the contemporary designshown in FIG. 7A, the fluid volume in FIG. 8A is fuller because of theadditional area in the axially diverging slots 436 (shown in FIG. 5A).In an embodiment of the present invention, the additional fluid volumeenables the use of lower viscosity oils. It should be noted that a lowerviscosity lubricant may require additional reservoir lubricant volumesince lower viscosity lubricants typically evaporate more rapidly.However, in contemporary designs, a larger lubricant volume presents ashock event risk at a lower shock event level, as described supra.

FIG. 8B illustrates an effect on fluid positioning within fluid channel432 and a fluid meniscus 422 when an axial motion or shock event occursthat forces the hub 410 axially up and increasingly separates from thesleeve 404. Handling and shipping forces can produce enough axial motionto exceed the magnetic attraction force between the magnet 416 and base420 and stator 414 of the motor, thereby causing the axial play gap toopen, or causing the axial displacement to increase beyond a desired oran acceptable range, between these relatively rotating components,namely hub 410 and sleeve 404. The path taken by fluid meniscus 422 isshown as it recedes to fill the volume within fluid channel 432 createdwithin the bearing cavities by the axial displacement. As shown, whenthe fluid recedes within the fluid channel 432 due to a shock event, aquantity of fluid remains within the axial limiter gap 440.

As illustrated in FIG. 8C, an effect on fluid positioning and air withinfluid channel 432 and on fluid meniscus 422 is shown when the hub 410repositions axially down and returns axially closer to sleeve 404,following a shock event as in FIG. 8B. Air can escape from within thefluid channel 432. In the embodiment described above wherein the fluidchannel 432 axially diverges, any air bubbles move toward larger gaps toachieve a lowest energy state, and therefore any air is purged from themotor from the fluid meniscus 423. In an alternative embodiment aspreviously described wherein the slot 436 does not axially diverge, thenair may temporarily collect at slot 436 until the motor resumesrotation, and then upon motor rotation, the air will be forced towardgap 432D (see FIG. 6A, supra) via centrifugal force and purged out thefluid meniscus 423.

Other features and advantages of this invention will be apparent to aperson of skill in the art who studies this disclosure. Thus, exemplaryembodiments, modifications and variations may be made to the disclosedembodiments while remaining within the spirit and scope of the inventionas defined by the appended claims.

1. A fluid dynamic bearing system comprising: a hydrodynamic bearingcontaining fluid defined between an inner component and an outercomponent, wherein the inner component and the outer component arepositioned for relative rotation; a limiter situated adjacent to alimiter facing surface defining an axial limiter gap therebetween forlimiting axial movement of the inner component with respect to the outercomponent, the limiter fixed to one of the inner component and the outercomponent, and the limiter facing surface affixed to one of the innercomponent and the outer component, wherein the limiter and the limiterfacing surface are relatively rotatable; a fluid channel defined betweenthe inner component and the outer component and extending from thehydrodynamic bearing to the axial limiter gap and continuing to a regionbeyond the axial limiter gap, wherein at least a portion of the fluidchannel diverges as the fluid channel extends from the hydrodynamicbearing toward the region that is beyond the axial limiter gap; and atleast one slot adjacent to the axial limiter gap, formed on at least oneof the limiter and the limiter facing surface, wherein the fluid iscontained on an end by a capillary seal.
 2. The fluid dynamic bearingsystem as in claim 1, wherein the at least one slot has an axiallydiverging depth as the fluid channel extends toward the region beyondthe axial limiter gap.
 3. The fluid dynamic bearing system as in claim1, wherein the fluid channel one of: diverges and subsequently includesa constant width; and includes a constant width and subsequentlydiverges, as the fluid channel extends toward the region beyond theaxial limiter gap.
 4. The fluid dynamic bearing system as in claim 2,wherein the fluid channel includes: a first gap situated between a firstsurface of the limiter and a facing surface of the inner or the outercomponent; a second gap situated between a second surface of the limiterand the facing surface of the inner or the outer component; the at leastone axially diverging slot; and a fourth gap situated between a sleevesurface and a second surface of the limiter facing surface, wherein thesecond gap is at least as wide as the first gap, the at least oneaxially diverging slot is at least as wide as the second gap, and thefourth gap is at least as wide as the at least one axially divergingslot.
 5. The fluid dynamic bearing system as in claim 1, wherein thefluid channel has a first zone and a second zone, wherein the secondzone is closer to the region that is beyond the axial limiter gap ascompared with the first zone, and wherein the fluid channel divergesaccording to: a gap of the second zone divided by a radius at the secondzone is greater than a gap of the first zone divided by a radius at thefirst zone.
 6. The fluid dynamic bearing system as in claim 5, whereinthe fluid channel at the first zone and the second zone extends in aradial direction, as the fluid channel extends from the hydrodynamicbearing toward the region that is beyond the axial limiter gap.
 7. Thefluid dynamic bearing system as in claim 1, wherein the slot depth is inthe range of 80 microns to 200 microns.
 8. The fluid dynamic bearingsystem as in claim 1, wherein the region beyond the axial limiter gapforms a fluid reservoir.
 9. The fluid dynamic bearing system as in claim1, wherein one of the inner component and the outer component furtherdefines a fluid recirculation passageway therethrough for recirculatingfluid about the hydrodynamic bearing, the fluid recirculation channel influid communication with the fluid channel.
 10. The fluid dynamicbearing system as in claim 1, wherein the inner component is a rotatableshaft, the outer component is a stationary sleeve, and the limiterfacing surface is a limiter bushing surface.
 11. A fluid dynamic bearingsystem comprising: a hydrodynamic bearing containing fluid definedbetween an inner component and an outer component, wherein the innercomponent and the outer component are positioned for relative rotation;a fluid channel defined between the inner component and the outercomponent and extending from the hydrodynamic bearing to a fluidreservoir, wherein at least a portion of the fluid channel diverges asthe fluid channel extends from the hydrodynamic bearing toward the fluidreservoir, wherein the fluid channel has a first zone and a second zone,wherein the second zone is closer to the fluid reservoir as comparedwith the first zone, and wherein the at least a portion of the fluidchannel diverges according to: a gap between the inner component and theouter component at the second zone divided by a radius at the secondzone is greater than a gap between the inner component and the outercomponent at the first zone divided by a radius at the first zone$\left( {\frac{{gap}_{2}}{{radius}_{2}} \succ \frac{{gap}_{1}}{{radius}_{1}}} \right),$wherein the radius at the second zone is a distance from the second zoneto a central axis of rotation of the hydrodynamic bearing, and whereinthe radius at the first zone is a distance from the first zone to thecentral axis of rotation of the hydrodynamic bearing.
 12. The fluiddynamic bearing system as in claim 11, wherein the fluid channel at thefirst zone and at the second zone extends in a radial direction, as thefluid channel extends from the hydrodynamic bearing toward the fluidreservoir.
 13. The fluid dynamic bearing system as in claim 11, furthercomprising a data storage disc attached to one of the inner componentand the outer component, and an actuator supporting a head proximate tothe data storage disc for communicating with the data storage disc. 14.The fluid dynamic bearing system as in claim 11, wherein the fluiddynamic bearing is a spindle motor.
 15. The fluid dynamic bearing systemas in claim 11, wherein one of the inner component and the outercomponent further defines a fluid recirculation passageway therethroughfor recirculating fluid about the hydrodynamic bearing, the fluidrecirculation channel in fluid communication with the fluid channel. 16.The fluid dynamic bearing system as in claim 11, wherein the innercomponent is a rotatable shaft, the outer component is a stationarysleeve.
 17. In a fluid dynamic bearing system having a hydrodynamicbearing containing fluid defined between an inner component and an outercomponent, wherein the inner component and the outer component arepositioned for relative rotation, a method comprising: situating alimiter adjacent to a limiter facing surface and defining an axiallimiter gap therebetween for limiting axial movement of the innercomponent with respect to the outer component, the limiter fixed to oneof the inner component and the outer component, and the limiter facingsurface affixed to one of the inner component and the outer component,wherein the limiter and the limiter facing surface are relativelyrotatable; defining a fluid channel between the inner component and theouter component and extending from the hydrodynamic bearing to the axiallimiter gap and continuing to a region beyond the axial limiter gap,wherein at least a portion of the fluid channel diverges as the fluidchannel extends from the hydrodynamic bearing toward the region that isbeyond the axial limiter gap; and forming at least one slot adjacent tothe axial limiter gap, formed on at least one of the limiter and thelimiter facing surface, wherein the fluid is contained on an end by acapillary seal.
 18. The method as in claim 17; further comprisingshaping the at least one slot with an axially diverging depth as thefluid channel extends toward the region beyond the axial limiter gap.19. The method as in claim 17, wherein the fluid channel one of:diverges and subsequently includes a constant width; and includes aconstant width and subsequently diverges, as the fluid channel extendstoward the region beyond the axial limiter gap.
 20. The method as claim17, wherein the fluid channel has a first zone and a second zone,wherein the second zone is closer to the region that is beyond the axiallimiter gap as compared with the first zone, and wherein the fluidchannel diverges according to: a gap of the second zone divided by aradius at the second zone is greater than a gap of the first zonedivided by a radius at the first zone.
 21. The method as in claim 20,wherein the fluid channel at the first zone and the second zone extendsin a radial direction, as the fluid channel extends from thehydrodynamic bearing toward the region that is beyond the axial limitergap.
 22. The method as in claim 17, wherein the region beyond the axiallimiter gap forms a fluid reservoir, and wherein one of the innercomponent and the outer component further defines a fluid recirculationpassageway therethrough for recirculating fluid about the hydrodynamicbearing, the fluid recirculation channel in fluid communication with thefluid channel.